IPSec Architecture Essay Example for Free

IPSec Architecture Essay IPSec is a collection of protocols tied together to apply it’s potential as specified in the IPSec Architecture. It is necessary to comprehend the relationships and interaction of these protocols. Along with the design of the IPSec Architecture, various security documents like ESP ( Encapsulating Security Protocol) , AH (Authentication Header) and Antireply protection defines the protocol, the payload header format, and the services they provide. IPSec works by enabling a system to select its own security protocol, algorithms and cryptographic keys as required by the services. Versatile, it can protect multiple â€Å"paths† between hosts, security gateways or between host and security gateway. Security services provided by IPSec at the IP Layer are access control, connectionless integrity, data origin, and authentication, rejection of replayed packets, encryption, and limited traffic flow confidentiality. While services are provided in the IP layer, protocols like TCP, UDP, ICMP, BGP, and other IP based protocols can take advantage of IPSec. The better understand the relationship of between Protocols and Algorithms in the IPsec Architecture: The standard algorithm is placed to initiate interoperability in the Internet and combine with IPSec Traffic Protection and Key Management protocols allow systems and application developers to install superior, internet layer, cryptographic security technology. References: Doraswamy N, Harkins D. , (n. d. ), â€Å"IPSec Architecture†, Chapter 4 of IPSec- The New Security Standard for the Internet, Intranets and Virtual Private Networks (Prentice Hall), [online], http://www. microsoft. com/technet/itsolutions/network/security/ipsecarc. mspx Javvin Network Management and Security, (n. d. ), â€Å"IPSec : Security Architecture for IP Network†, [online], http://www. javvin. com/protocolIPsec. html.

Use of DNA in Criminal Investigations Essay examples -- DNA Forensics

Before the 1980s, courts relied on testimony and eyewitness accounts as a main source of evidence. Notoriously unreliable, these techniques have since faded away to the stunning reliability of DNA forensics. In 1984, British geneticist Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester discovered an interesting new marker in the human genome. Most DNA information is the same in every human, but the junk code between genes is unique to every person. Junk DNA used for investigative purposes can be found in blood, saliva, perspiration, sexual fluid, skin tissue, bone marrow, dental pulp, and hair follicles (Butler, 2011). By analyzing this junk code, Jeffreys found certain sequences of 10 to 100 base pairs repeated multiple times. These tandem repeats are also the same for all people, but the number of repetitions is highly variable. Before this discovery, a drop of blood at a crime scene could only reveal a person’s blood type, plus a few proteins unique to certain people. Now DNA for ensics can expose a person’s gender, race, susceptibility to diseases, and even propensity for high aggression or drug abuse (Butler, 2011). More importantly, the certainty of DNA evidence is extremely powerful in court. Astounded at this technology’s almost perfect accuracy, the FBI changed the name of its Serology Unit to the DNA Analysis Unit in 1988 when they began accepting requests for DNA comparisons (Using DNA to Solve Crimes, 2014). There are thirteen standard tandem repeats used in modern forensics, and together these sequences create a DNA profile. Except in the case of identical twins, the probability that two people have the same genetic code at all thirteen core loci is less than one in one trillion (Jones, 2004). Investigators compare these... ...d Beyond." Forensic Magazine. Web. 29 May 2015. http://www.forensicmag.com/article/dna-forensics-rflp-pcr-str-and-beyond (Fall 2004). "Using DNA to Solve Crimes." U.S. Department of Justice: National Institute of Justice. (September 9, 2014). Web. 29 May 2015. http://www.justice.gov/ag/advancing-justice-through-dna-technology-using-dna-solve-crimes Sachs, Jessica Snyder. DNA AND A NEW KIND OF RACIAL PROFILING. 2004 http://www.popsci.com/scitech/article/2004-06/dna-and-new-kind-racial-profiling H.M. Wallace, A.R. Jacksona, J. Gruberb, A.D. Thibedeaub. Forensic DNA databases–Ethical and legal standards, ScienceDirec, 2014. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2090536X14000239 Westphal, Sylvia Pagà ¡n. DNA profiles link dope to its source. Daily News, 2003 https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn3919-dna-profiles-link-dope-to-its-source/

Importance of Literature Essay

Literature is the foundation of life. It places an emphasis on many topics from human tragedies to tales of the ever-popular search for love. While it is physically written in words, these words come alive in the imagination of the mind, and its ability to comprehend the complexity or simplicity of the text. Literature enables people to see through the lenses of others, and sometimes even inanimate objects; therefore, it becomes a looking glass into the world as others view it. It is a journey that is inscribed in pages, and powered by the imagination of the reader. Ultimately, literature has provided a gateway to teach the reader about life experiences from even the saddest stories to the most joyful ones that will touch their hearts. From a very young age, many are exposed to literature in the most stripped down form: picture books and simple texts that are mainly for the sole purpose of teaching the alphabet etc. Although these are not nearly as complex as an 800-page sci-fi novel, it is the first step that many take towards the literary world. Progressively, as people grow older, they explore other genres of books, ones that propel them towards curiosity of the subject, and the overall book. Reading and being given the keys to the literature world prepares individuals from an early age to discover the true importance of literature: being able to comprehend and understand situations from many perspectives. Physically speaking, it is impossible to be someone else. It is impossible to switch bodies with another human being, and it is impossible to completely understand the complexity of their world. Literature, as an alternative, is the closest thing the world has to being able to understand another person whole-heartedly. For stance, a novel about a treacherous war, written in the perspective of a soldier, allows the reader to envision their memories, their pain, and their emotions without actually being that person. Consequently, literature can act as a time machine, enabling individuals to go into a specific time period of the story, into the mind and soul of the protagonist. With the ability to see the world with a pair of fresh eyes, it triggers the reader to reflect upon their own lives. Reading a material that is relatable to the reader may teach them morals and encourage them to practice good judgement. This can be proven through public school systems, where the books that are emphasized the most tend to have a moral-teaching purpose behind the story. An example would be William Shakespeare’s stories, where each one is meant to be reflective of human nature – both the good and bad. Consequently, this can promote better judgement of situations, so the reader does not find themselves in the same circumstances as perhaps those in the fiction world. Henceforth, literature is proven to not only be reflective of life, but it can also be used as a guide for the reader to follow and practice good judgement from. The world today is ever-changing. Never before has life been so chaotic and challenging for all. Life before literature was practical and predictable, but in present day, literature has expanded into countless libraries and into the minds of many as the gateway for comprehension and curiosity of the human mind and the world around them. Literature is of great importance and is studied upon as it provides the ability to connect human relationships, and define what is right and what is wrong. Therefore, words are alive more than ever before.

English Contractions for ESL

English contractions are shortened forms of helping or auxiliary verbs in both positive and negative sentences. Contractions are generally used in spoken English, but not in formal written English. However, written English is becoming more informal (emails, notes to friends, etc.) and you will often see these forms in print. Heres an example from a business email: Ive been working on a new project. It hasnt been easy, but next week Ill finish. This example shows three contractions: Ive / hasnt / Ill. Learn the rules of contraction use in English below. Each of the following English contractions includes an explanation of the full form and example sentences to provide context for understanding. Positive Contractions Im --- I am --- Example: Im waiting for my friend.Ill --- I will --- Example: Ill see you tomorrow.Id --- I had / I would --- Example: Id better leave now. OR Id already eaten by the time he arrived.Ive --- I have --- Example: Ive worked here for many years. Youre --- You are --- Example: Youre joking!Youll --- You will --- Example: Youll be sorry!Youd --- You had / would --- Example: Youd left before he arrived, hadnt you? OR Youd better hurry up.Youve --- You have --- Example: Youve been to London many times. Hes --- He is / has --- Example: Hes on the phone now. OR Hes been playing tennis since 10 this morning.Hell --- He will --- Example: Hell be here tomorrow.Hed --- He had / would --- Example: Hed prefer to meet you later in the week. OR Hed finished before the meeting began. Shes --- She is / has --- Example: Shes watching TV at the moment. OR Shes had a lot of trouble lately.Shell --- She will --- Example: Shell be at the meeting.Shed --- She had / would --- Example: Shed been working for two hours when he telephoned. OR Shed like to have a glass of wine. Its --- It is / has --- Example: Its been long time since we saw each other last. OR Its very difficult to concentrate.Itll --- It will --- Example: Itll be here soon.Itd --- It would / had --- Example: Itd be difficult to say no. OR Itd been a long time. Were --- We are --- Example: Were working hard on the Smith account this week.Well --- We will --- Example: Well begin when he arrives.Wed --- We had / would --- Example: Wed better hurry up if we want to catch the train. OR Wed finished the meeting before you arrived.Weve --- We have --- Example: Weve been waiting for you! Theyre --- They are --- Example: Theyre studying German this afternoon.Theyll --- They will --- Example: Theyll finish soon if they concentrate.Theyd --- They had / would --- Example: Theyd eaten their lunch when she stopped by to say hello. OR Theyd rather not come to the meeting.Theyve --- They have --- Example: Theyve just purchased a new home. Theres --- There is / has --- Example: Theres a hotel in the next town. OR Theres been too many telephone calls today!Therell --- There will --- Example: Therell be a price to pay!Thered --- There had / would --- Example: Thered better be a good explanation for this. OR Thered be some reason for that. Thats --- That is / has --- Example: Thats been on my mind lately. OR Thats why I cant come.Thatll --- That will --- Example: Thatll happen sooner than you think.Thatd --- That had / would --- Example: Thatd be the reason why. OR Thatd happened before my time. Negative Contractions arent --- are not --- Example: They arent coming next week.cant --- can not --- Example: I cant understand you.couldnt --- could not --- Example: He couldnt get his shoes on!didnt --- did not --- Example: We didnt visit Rome. We went straight to Florence.doesnt --- does not --- Example: He doesnt play golf.dont --- do not --- Example: They dont like cheese.hadnt --- had not --- Example: I hadnt thought of that!hasnt --- has not --- Example: She hasnt telephoned yet.isnt --- is not --- Example: She isnt listening to you.mustnt --- must not --- Example: Children mustnt play with fire.neednt --- need not --- Example: You neednt worry about that.shouldnt --- should not --- Example: You shouldnt smoke cigarettes.wasnt --- was not --- Example: I wasnt joking when I said that.werent --- were not --- Example: They werent invited to the party.wont --- will not --- Example: I wont be able to attend the conference.wouldnt --- would not --- Example: She wouldnt be surprised if he showed up at th e party. Contractions in Speech English learners should become familiar with contractions in order to understand the grammar of what is said quickly. Native English speakers tend to speak quickly and glide over function words such as helping verbs. Most English contractions are contractions of helping verbs, so an understanding of the role these contracted helping verbs play in grammar can help you better understand spoken English. English learners should feel free to use contractions whenever they speak, but the use of contractions is not required. If you prefer to speak using full helping verb forms, continue to do so, but become familiar with contractions in order to help your understanding.